Fact is that goats are not only picky, but goats can also eat wrong things like plastic, chicken food and poisonous plants.

Don’t you believe me?

You will only need to check the fora on the internet to know what people’s goats have eaten that they should not have eaten.

In this blog I will give you a complete deal of tips on how you can prevent feeding accidents for your goats. So after reading this blog you will know how to prevent these accidents from happening. This will save you a lot of time and trouble in keeping your goats.

Goats have an individual taste.

Goats have an individual taste and are a bit peculiar in what they eat considering wrong things.

Our goat Bianca eats black agricultural plastic when she gets the chance. None of our other goats are interested in the same plastic. Our buck Putin loved electric wires, luckily he was the only one on the homestead. Don’t worry, he is still alive, we sold him after he had done his job well.

Not all goats will eat things they should not eat. They might also not eat wrong things for a while and then suddenly pick up this bad habit. So better be safe than sorry and prevent your goats from eating wrong things.

Cutting through the 3 most dangerous myths on goats eating habits.

Let’s first start to cut through some of the 3 most common myths about goats eating habits. Then we will look deeper into how to prevent goats eating the wrong things.

Why are these myths dangerous? Because it is very misleading and can lead to accidents. Being aware of the dangers of these myths you can avoid accidents and a lot of trouble with your goats.

Myth number 1: Goats can eat anything

On the contrary: goats are very picky.
You can clearly see this when you see goats foraging. They eat something here, then walk some steps and take a few bites there. They would not start at one end of the field and then work their way through the field to the other end.

In different times of the year they will also eat different things.

When feeding your goats they will get used to the feed you are giving them. After that it is not always easy to change the brand of the goat feed.

Why are goats so picky? It has a good reason.

Goats have a very sensitive digestive system that needs to stay in balance and does not take sudden changes . For that they have to be picky.

So when you are feeding your goats you can not just give them anything, you will have to be careful because of their sensitive digestive system.

Changing your goats food suddenly or giving your goats food that is not meant for them can be live threatening since their sensitive system might not take it. That is why this is a dangerous myth.

Myth number 2: Goats will not eat what is not good for them.

Yes, goats are picky for a reason. But does that mean they always pick what is best for them?

Here on the Homestead we do eat a lot of healthy stuff, you probably do to. But man, I really like those sweet cupcakes from the supermarket and I find it hard not to eat them. Or the nice chocolate pralines from the chocolate shop. They are so good. Do you recognise that?

It’s a bit the same for goats. They might not go for cupcakes (although some might…), but they do not always pick out the things that are best for them to eat. This can be cupcakes or plastic or poisonous plants with a sweet taste or many other things.

When goats eat to much of something that is bad for them it will disrupt the balance in their digestive system and can therefore be dangerous for them.

Myth number 3: Goats will never poison themselves, because they know what plants are poisonous.

The way goats forage can be misleading to us considering poisonous plants for goats.

When plants are poisonous for goats it does not mean they will drop dead when they take a bite. Not all plants are equally toxic, the goat needs to eat a certain amount of a certain plant to get poisoned.

When goats are foraging they take a bite here and a bite there, including bites from plants that are poisonous to them. But because they forage the way they do, they will not eat a lethal dose.

It is only when poisonous plants are the only thing out there to eat for them when they get poisoned. This can also happen when goats get clippings served from a poisonous plant. There is a chance that they will eat it and get very sick or even die.

The misleading thing is that one might think goats will eat a certain poisonous plant because one sees them eating it. But then in the end it is not edible in larger quantities.

Examples of these plants are: azaleas in general especially rododendrons.

Then why do goats avoid eating plants that are poisonous plants for them?

Like for example foxglove?

Goats do not have a mysterious sense for knowing what plants are poisonous for them. They smell and taste plants and then they judge whether they like to eat the plant or not.

Plants that do not want to be eaten and eliminated by the goats have a taste or smell the goats don’t like. Some plants go even a step further and make the goats sick if they get eaten by goats. And if the goats never the less keep on eating it, the goats will die.

Foxglove has a bad taste for goats. If you have ever seen a goat taking a bite of a foxglove leave you will have seen that it spits it out strait away. This is because the foxglove warned the goat: ‘hey I warn you! Do not eat me, I taste bad’. Even so bad that the goat will never taste it again.

Plants that do not warn goats that they are poisonous are e.g. azaleas (there might be others in your region). That is when the goats misjudge and eat it.

Still when there is lots around the way they forage will save them. But when e.g. the azaleas would be the only plant around or would be served to them, they would take a dose that would make them sick or even kill them.

That is how goats can poison themselves.

How to prevent accidents feeding your goats

As a rule of thumb: You have to be careful and keep the non edible things away from the goats until you are sure no one in the goat family eats or drinks it.

Even then be watchful. When goat kids grow up or new goats are added to the herd they will eat what the older ones eat. But that does not mean they will not eat what the older ones don’t eat. So don’t think the job is done when your herd does not eat bad things when new goats are added to the herd…

Let me show you how to avoid feeding related troubles with goats to start with.

In any case: make sure your goats have fresh water and hay available all the time.

Fresh water and hay are not only the basic food necessities, they can also help in case of poisoning.

By drinking lots of water the goat can sometimes neutralise a light poisoning.

Hay is for goats what brown rice is for humans. The fact that brown rise is a starch is not the important part in this case, what is is that It stabilises our digestive system when something is wrong. That is what hay does for goats, it stabilises their system. When something is wrong there is a good chance that hay will solve the problem.

Do not change the goats feed from one day to another. It can be lethal to goats.

Why? Because their system can’t deal with it. As you have learned earlier in our blog “Feeding goats, things you didn’t know.”,  make link goats used to eat what the seasons would bring. Since the seasons gradually change from one into the other the diet of the goats would only slowly and gradually change as well.

The millions of bacteria in the goats stomach that help the goats to digest their food are not just one type of bacteria. There are more than one type of bacteria present in their stomach at any moment. Some types would be good at digesting grass, others in digesting grains. When goats eat only grass, the grass digesting bacteria will be the fast majority and if the goats would only eat grains the grain digesting bacteria are in the fast majority.

So what would happen if a goat that has only been fed on grass suddenly gets grains? It will not be able to digest the grain. Their digestive system will get into serious trouble. So much trouble that the goat can die from it.

Hey helps as a safeguard

Here is where the hay can help with the problem. When goats have hay available all the time it will be a substantial part of their diet.

In that case they would not only eat grass, but hay and grass. If you then change the grass for grain there is still the hay in the food that is the same. Still it is better not to make even this change from one day to the other.

How to change your goats feed safely

The way to change feed is to always do it gradually. Mix in some of the new food with the previous food, then every day make the mix with a little more new food leaving out a bit more of the previous food. After a week or so the previous food will be replaced with the new food.

When your goats are living in a barn during the winter month and you feed them on hay and feed mix, it can be tricky to put them out into the green in spring. If the change is to quick they might get diarrhoea. It would be best to only let them eat the greens for a short time at the beginning. You can let them eat the greens a little longer every day until their system gets used to it again.

Bottom line is: never change a goat’s diet to quick.

Another thing: be careful making your own hay

Imagine what it would be like to be on your own field on your Homestead and harvest your own hay. Then dry it during those view dry days in the wet summer, turning it over and over with the whole family helping.

Smack! You suddenly realise that there could be poisonous plants packed into the hay….

And the trouble is the goats will not recognise the poisonous plants in the hay. Remember?  Goats select what they eat with their smell and taste. Some dried plants lose their smell and taste. So the goats will not recognise them any more as poisonous.

How to make proper hay

The solution is simple but can be very labour intensive: you will have to check the field and if you find poisonous plants you will have to remove them before making hay.

After having done this for some years poisonous plants that seed themselves like Foxglove will not come back.

Plants that are propagating from their roots like Arum and Bracken are much harder to remove. You probably have to plough the field to get rid of them.

You might be lucky though and have no poisonous plants in your field….bit better check it.

Maybe it is a bit annoying to you that there is so much to know about what goats eat and so much to read about.

But see it like this: after you have read it all you are sure you will be doing the right thing with your goats. And avoiding trouble makes life with goats a lot easier, believe me.

What plants are poisonous for goats?

The poisonous plants that are growing in your area can be totally different ones then the ones in my area. So be aware that any list given can be incomplete.

So how do you find out what’s poisonous?

Here are some tips based on how I deal with this:

• Research on all plants that are poisonous for humans whether they are poisonous for goats. I know goats can handle more than humans, but it gives me an indication.
• Mistrust all ornamental garden plant that are used for hedges and as climbers. So before I give garden clippings of those plant to my goats I research them first on toxicity.
• When you thin out herbal plants from your ornamental garden always research on them before you give them to your goats.
• Talk to goat keepers in the neighbourhood and ask them what is poisonous. But keep in mind that, unless their family has been raising goats for generations, people might not know everything. Some goat keepers might be relative newcomers like you are.

How to research on poisonous plants?

There are some apps available that will help you. You take a picture and the app tells you which plant you are dealing with. Once you have the Latin name of a plant you can research in details on the internet.

A bit more complicated but still good is a plant guide. Look up the Latin name and you can do further research.

Check on one of the beautiful goats peoples Facebook groups and ask goat keepers what they are using. People are very helpful on these platforms.

Important extra warnings what not to feed your goats

• Since this is poisoned goats reason number one I can’t stress it enough: don’t give the wrong garden clippings to your goat.
• Don’t give goats too many flowers to eat. It is okay when the flowers are in a field where they brows, but when you give them a bunch of flowers in their feeder they will most likely get a bad diarrhoea or even get bloat.
• You can give your goats grains and grain mixes (only the ones for goat and sheep), but never give them weet. When you give your goats weet there is a bigger risk that they get bloat. Bloat means that they get air trapped in their system. If you have ever had that yourself, you know it is far from pleasant. For goats the problem can be lethal. Grains that cause no problems when given in moderation are: barley and outs.
• In some areas in the world copper deficiency is an issue, contact your local vet to ask if you are in such an area and what is best to do. Be cautious of self medicating, in this case self medicating can also harm your goats if not applied right.
• Don’t give goats mixes or pallets that are not for goats, never ever. Especially no chicken feeds. It will cause bad diarrhoea.
• Try to use only plants in your garden that goats can eat. Some goats are master escapists and they will end up in your garden at some point. Pro’s of edible plants in your garden for goats is also that you can give them the clippings as a treat.
• Never ever give goats meat, candies, sweets and similar goodies that are meant for humans (and not good for them either). It will destroy the balance in their sensitive digestive system for sure.

So that’s it for now.

I hope you have enjoyed reading this blog and to see you again.

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Links for more information about goats eating habits and their digestive system: feeding goats, things you didn’t know

Infograf

Resources

Het graasgedrag van de landgeit in Nederland, en verkenning (Grazing habit of the country goats in the Netherlands, and reconnaissance) Anneke de Vries & Nick van Eekeren,© [2007] Louis Bolk Instituut, the Netherlands.

Goat health – copper deficiency  NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia, September 2017.

The post What Not to Feed Goats to Avoid Accidents appeared first on Terra do Milho.

No? Why not? Because they are very flexible in their diet.
Does that mean goats eat everything? No, definitely not.
How does that work?
Let’s look into goats natural eating habits and how their digestive system works.
Why would we look into that, what does that have to do with feeding goats? Because knowing about goats eating habits and their digestive system means that you will easily understand what to feed and not feed your goats.

Where do goats eating habits come from?

Wouldn’t it be great if we would be able to travel back in time and see how goats used to live in their natural environment?

Just imagine a world in which small numbers of humans live. Many grazers were inhabiting the world, amongst them goats. The goats lived everywhere on our planet, from the poles to the tropics. Roaming around on steppes, on open spaces between the dense rain forest, on freezing mountaintops and many more places.

What do goats eat naturally?

The diet of the goats would change with the seasons. They are flexible in what they eat so they would have had a good chance of surviving.

They would eat shrubs, herbs, grass, trees, vines, bark, twigs, fallen leaves, berries, fruit, pods (like alfarroba), aceorns, chestnuts and much more.

Goats would find something to eat in any season.

In this area where we live, around the Mediterranean they would eat fresh herbs, grasses and shrubs shoots in the wet and mild winters.

During the long dry summers they would have to put more effort in gathering their food. They would have to walk up to 9 km a day to fill their stomachs and eat seeds, bark from trees, twigs, bushes, hay and other dry forage.

Can you picture what they would have eaten where you live? In summer and in winter?

Goats have to watch out!

Since there were predators all over the place, they would not eat all day.

During the hours of sunrise and sunset they will go quickly into the open fields to forage as much as they can, then when the sun rises more up, the goats would withdraw into the wood edges to hide and ruminate their food.

At night they would do the same, they would spend the nights hidden in the shrubby wood edges and not make a sound. Silently ruminating.

Hang on…what is ruminate?

The way the goats digestive system works is perfect to quickly eat as much as possible and then after they have filled their stomach draw back into the scrubs and start ruminating.

The digestive system of a goat: Goats are ruminants and they ruminate.

Goats have a stomach that has 4 parts. The first part of their stomach, they can fill with very roughly chewed material. This way they can eat large quantities in a very short time.

This first part of the stomach pushes the food plus a load of saliva back up into their mouth. Then the goats take their time chewing it properly. This is called ruminating.

After that the well chewed food is swallowed again and digested by millions of microbes: bacteria, fungus and yeasts that live in the second part of the stomach.

The red and blue arrows in the drawing show the route that the food is taking inside the goat.

The microbes live in a symbiosis with the goat: the goat provides them with raw food material that is well chewed and the microbes provide the goat with their waste which is digestible for the goat.

Feeding goats means feeding a sensitive ecosystem

In the goat’s stomach the bacteria, fungi and yeasts form a sensitive ecosystem that needs to be treated with care. The numbers of the different bacteria, fungi and yeasts colonies are carefully balanced. A sudden change in food for the goat would cause an imbalance that can make the goat ill because the microbes would not be able to deal with it. An imbalance can even kill a goat when it gets too extreme.

So when you are feeding your goat, you are not only feeding your goat, but also this sensitive ecosystem. You will need to feed this ecosystem with care.

To maintain this ecosystem you will need to give your goats food with enough long fibers, which are mainly present in hay and grasses. The goats can only be fed grains (starch) in moderation. Greens of all sorts will provide vitamins and minerals to the goats as well.

Do not feed goats food that is not suitable for goats. The microbes will not be able to handle it. Giving goats feed that is for sheep is still acceptable, but it is the only one.

Hay can be given at all times and can be freely available. So can greens, when goats are used to them. If goats did not eat greens for a long time, like in winter, you will have to start with small portions. If not you will disrupt the ecosystem in their stomach.

Changing food for goats is a sensitive story. You will have to change their food gradually so the microbes can adjust.

What happens after the food has been in the second compartment of the stomach.

After being in the second part of the stomach, the food is then digested in two more steps in the third and fourth part of the stomach. After that is is taken through the intestines where nutrition is taken out of the digested food. What is left goes out at the other end, where we can see it again as the little poop pellets that drop out of the goat.

When their poop comes out in little loose pellets this means the digestive system is working as it should. When it is sticking together or comes out in the form of diarrhea there might be a too sudden change of food or the food might be too rich. It can also have happened that a goat has eaten something that it should not have eaten, goats do make mistakes.

Do goats just eat anything they can get?

Oh, no!

Despite of the quick eating the goats would still be picky, they would first explore the field they are in, sniffing the food that they are going to eat. Thinking: “do I like this? Is it mouldy? If it’s mouldy I will not eat it. Does it taste wrong? I will spit it out”.

After some exploring they will go ahead and eat, with confidence, as much of the good stuff  they found.

Goats can also get too picky, so picky that they do not meet their nutritional needs by eating. Sometimes they can also pick out things that are not so good for them. Pretty much like we humans do, by eating too many muffins and not eating enough fruit and vegetables.

Goats have a preference for woody plants, but they do well on grasses, herbs and shrubs as well. They especially love the fresh parts of the plants.

Watch the goats picking and browsing their food in the video below.

What do goats eat when we keep them?

When we keep goats we usually contain them and controle their food by feeding them. That is fine.

Goats have preference for variety in their diet, this will keep them healthy. This does not mean that you will have unhealthy goats when you keep them and controle their food. They are after all flexible in their diet too.

The cooperation between man and goats.

Long time ago humans and goats decided to work together. It was a mutual interest.

Goats would be provided with safety, shelter and food and humans would also have more food security because the goats offered them their milk and offspring.

Feeding goats like a shepherd.

For long shepherds would walk around with goats and still today goats are kept in that way.

Shepherds would take the goats through the landscape for days. Maintaining the landscape and feeding the goats at the same time. Whether the landscape was poor or rich, what was there was all that the goats ate.

Taking goats around like a shepherd does not always mean that the goats will get everything they need. It depends a lot on what is available. And even if everything is available goats can be picky against their own interest.

Apart from herding goats, additional feeding of goats can be a good thing. This can make the goats stronger and makes them give more milk or better meat. It can also prevent the loss of goat kids at an early age.

The industrial way of feeding goats.

In more industrialised areas goats are often kept inside in big barns. The feed these goats get seems to be far off from the diet that they used to have.

These goats are often fed hay (free available), alfalfa hay (substitute for greens) and pellets or grains.

The pallets and grain mixes that are fed to these goats are based on what goats used to eat and how their digestive system works. The composition of these feeds are based on studies on what goats can digest. Tables and calculations preceded the production of these feeds.

Goats are very flexible indeed.

How to apply what you have just learned on feeding your goats

Only give goats feed that is suitable for goats.

Goats are ruminants. Ruminants live in symbiosis with the microbes that live in their stomach. The microbes digest the food that a goat eats for the goat. Feeding a goat means feeding her stomach microbes. The microbes in the stomach form a sensitive ecosystem that has to be treated with care e.g. by not changing food abruptly or not giving the goat food that is not suitable for goats (like chicken feed or pork feed). Feed that is for sheep is still acceptable.

Never change a goats food too quick. It can be dangerous for goats.

• In a natural environment the food that goats eat will change per season. Since the change from one season into the other happens gradually the food that the goats would eat will also change gradually. The goats digestive system is designed for slow changes in food. The microbes that digest the food can only adapt slowly to the food changes.
• Goats will also be fine without greens e.g. in winter when they live indoors. Always gradually introduce your goats back into eating greens. A sudden change from no greens to a lot of greens will heavily upset the microbes in the goat’s stomach. Sticky poop or diarrhea can be the effect.

Points where you should evaluate the goats feeding.

• When the goat is fed properly and the microbes in her stomach are happy, the goat poops are loose pellets that do not stick together. When a goats poop is sticky or is diarrhea, the goat has eaten something wrong, the food was too rich or there was an abrupt change in food.
• Goats might not be able to meet all their nutritious needs by eating, they can be too picky or do not get the variety they need. When there are losses in the herd in kids or adult goats it is a sign the food should be evaluated. Giving some pellets or grain can already solve the problem. In some cases additives are needed, for this I would consult a vet.

Do not overfeed your goat with grains and pellets, make sure there is hay.

Goats natural diet contains a lot of long fibers, there is not so much starch in it. Grains mixes and feed pellets contain short fibers and lots of starch. These feeds should not be given in big quantities. This will make the microbes in their stomach unhappy.

Hay also has a lot of long fibers. It is good to have hay always available for your goats.

Providing a large variety of greens to your goat would be a good thing.

Goats like fresh greens because they contain a lot of energy. Fresh greens are healthy for goats. It contains fibers, vitamins and minerals. When given in a large variety it is good food for goats, it will provide them with all their needs. A pasture or shrub field with a good variety of herbs, shrubs, trees and grasses provides good food for goats.

Goats can be fed in different ways,

but the way their digestive system works has to be taken into account. E.g. goats can live on a diet of hay, alfalfa hay and pellets for ever. As long as there are no sudden changes in this diet and the food that is given is suitable for goats. The food that is given needs to be of a good quality so the goats nutritional needs are met.

Goats have their own eating rhythm.

In a situation where there are predators goats will eat in the early morning and evening when predators are less active. In a save situation like on your property they can adapt the rhythm to the circumstances.

This can be a rhythm of eating for 2 hours and resting for halve an hour. This can even continue during the night.

This means that goats like to walk in and out of their shelter to get a bite. When they are free ranged. When goats are living indoors or staying indoors at night for safety reasons it is nice for them if they have hay free available, this way they can eat whenever they like.

Resources:

How does a rumen work?  The system of all ruminants works basically the same. Goats, sheep and cows are all ruminants. This video, which is about a cows stomachs, explains in more detail how the rumination process works, it also stresses the role of the microorganisms in the stomach. What is explained in this video also counts for goats.

Digestion in ruminants.  A detailed description of the whole digestive system of ruminants. The symbiosis between the micro-organismes and the ruminant is explained in detail.

Ruminant stomach-structure and function. Short explanation of the ruminants digestive system.

Rumen microbial fermentation. The ecosystem and the importance of it’s balance in the ruminants stomachs in detail. What is described also counts for goats.

Het graasgedrag van de landgeit in Nederland, en verkenning (Grazing habit of the country goats in the Netherlands, and reconnaissance) Anneke de Vries & Nick van Eekeren,© [2007] Louis Bolk Instituut, the Netherlands.

The post Feeding Goats, Some Things You Didn’t Know. appeared first on Terra do Milho.